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Call for Public
Meeting
Village Needs
to Explain Details of Ongoing Village Reassessment
by,
Betsy Harding
The Winter 2008 issue of the
official Village Bulletin, which recently arrived in our mailbox,
provides an overview of Bronxville Village’s “reassessment of
properties and refinement of values for the 2008 tax roll.” The
information given in this summary provides a tantalizing glimpse at
how the Village plans to alter the results of last year’s tax
reassessment. The Village should now hold a public meeting to
provide full disclosure of the changes it plans to make with ample
opportunity for public questions and comment.
The summary notes that the
neighborhoods used as the basis for the 2007 reassessment have been
re-drawn and re-numbered. Because the assessed value of most homes
is based on comparable sales within the same neighborhood,
an understanding of how the neighborhoods are determined is
crucial. The Village should make public copies of the neighborhood
map developed by the revaluation company, the map actually used for
last year’s reassessment, and the new map showing the revised
neighborhoods.
Among the areas that need a prompt
public explanation are the changes the Village plans to make to the
assessment of the value of land, as opposed to structures, in each
neighborhood and the market trend analysis for the neighborhoods
including any analysis that supports the proposed changes to the
boundaries of the neighborhoods.
Bronxville’s tentative tax roll
must be filed by February 1 and grievance day is Tuesday, February
19. People who are not satisfied with their new assessments will
need to act quickly. Given the high level of public interest in the
subject, and the immediate financial effects on all Village
residents, the Village should be committed to a fully transparent
process including a public meeting.
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THE TAX DATA POSTED ON THIS WEB SITE IS FROM
RELIABLE SOURCES BUT MAY CONTAIN ERRORS AND THE DATA IS SUBJECT TO
CHANGE. PLEASE REVIEW THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE BRONXVILLE TAX
ASSESSOR AND DO NOT RELY SOLELY ON THIS DATA. THE 2007
DATA MAY NOT REFLECT VETERANS AND OTHER EXEMPTIONS. THE 2007
ASSESSMENTS ARE SUPPOSED TO BE VALUES AS OF JANUARY 1,2007.
WE WILL PROVIDE ALL THE INVENTORY DETAILS AS
COLLECTED BY CLT AS TIME ALLOWS. PLEASE CHECK BACK.
CLICK ON THE 2007 BUTTONS ON LEFT SIDE.
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THE VILLAGE BOARD OF TRUSTEES REJECTED THE
HOMESTEAD OPTION ON MONDAY, NOV. 27, WITH A 3-2 VOTE.
AGAINST HOMESTEAD: MARVIN, BELLITTO,
POORMAN.
FOR HOMESTEAD: BARTON, UNDERHILL.
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$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Please go to
the link below to read this lambasting decision " a must read"
Decided on November 8, 2006
Supreme Court, Westchester County
In The Matter of the Application of JB Park Place
Realty LLC, Petitioner,
against
The Assessor of the Village of Bronxville, New York, the Board of
Assessment Review of the Village of Bronxville, New York and the
Village of Bronxville, New York, Respondents
click the above link or copy and paste the link below in your web
browser
www.courts.state.ny.us/Reporter/3dseries/2006/2006_52106.htm
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
My Thoughts on
the Homestead Option
By
Betsy Harding Nov. 20, 2006
Once the big push was over for
trying to get the Village to reassess, I started thinking more about
the Homestead Option. I concluded that it would be very difficult
to get the school budget passed each spring if the School Board had
to tell one group of people they were getting a different tax rate
increase from another group. Whichever group had the higher rate of
increase would feel picked on and might not vote for the budget. I
also worried that it would place a huge burden on the School
District to have to re-educate everybody every spring about why
there were different tax rates for the two different groups. After
listening to arguments in favor of Homestead I have still not heard
any compelling reason for the Board of Trustees to adopt Homestead.
The purpose of the Homestead Option
is to soften the blow to one, two, and three family homeowners who
are likely, as a group, to experience tax increases after a
reassessment. Although this would make sense to me if our
commercial class were composed of large businesses, in Bronxville
our commercial class is made up of people, people who live here and
people who operate small businesses and are also part of the
community. Adopting Homestead would mean telling people who are
entitled to a tax reduction that they must continue to subsidize
people in houses who have been under taxed, as a group, before the
reassessment.
The figures given out by the State
on Monday, Nov. 13, show that only 16.21 percent of houses would
have their assessments increased by more than 25 percent due to the
reassessment. I think it is safe to assume that this group includes
many of the houses that were substantially improved but not
reassessed for the improvements as well as some of the more valuable
houses that are under assessed due to changes in market conditions.
It is important to remember that the owners of these houses have
been receiving a tax benefit provided by the property owners who
have been over assessed. While it is hard to give up a subsidy, I
think the time has come.
We are all concerned about older
people on fixed incomes who may have trouble paying their taxes no
matter where they live. To the extent that there are people in that
situation who are living in valuable under assessed houses, the
reverse mortgage provides a means of paying the taxes required to
continue to live in the same house as long as it is physically
possible. I hope everyone can agree that people who own second
houses (such as me and my husband) do not need protection from
increased taxes in Bronxville, particularly if that protection comes
in the form of a subsidy from Villagers who live in apartments and
small business owners.
The focus on the Homestead Option
has refreshed the resentment some house owners feel about New York
State’s required method of assessing most cooperative and
condominium housing. As a means of facilitating the wave of
apartment conversions in the 1980’s, the legislature required that
most co-ops and condos be taxed as though they were still rental
buildings. This generally produces a lower assessment than if the
buildings were taxed on the value of each individual unit added up
to a total. The law may have outlived its purpose but it is still
the law. Any discussion about whether or not it is fair is
basically irrelevant. Unfortunately, this law stirs up a great deal
of animosity from at least a handful of single family homeowners.
My feeling is that the dollars involved are small -- the cost to
other taxpayers from this law is just not all that great -- and it’s
not worth worrying about. Whatever tax advantage there may be to
owning an apartment, as opposed to a house, is an advantage that is
available on an equal basis to everyone who wants to own an
apartment.
Another reason not to adopt the
Homestead Option is the possible negative impact on Bronxville’s
business owners. The State has not done an analysis of the
intra-class shift that may occur in the commercial (non-Homestead)
group if Homestead is adopted. The Village’s impact study on
reassessment, which was produced last winter by Joe Eckert,
predicted a large shift in the tax burden from the apartment
buildings to the store/office buildings after reassessment if
Homestead is adopted. The prediction was based on limited data,
basically the recent sales in the business district. In Bronxville’s
most recent tax cert case, a New York State Supreme Court judge
reaffirmed that recent fair market sales are the best indicators of
value for assessments. There is a link to this case on the website.
According to information given out
at the November 13 meeting, the Village seems to be using the income
approach to value for the store/office buildings as well as the
apartment buildings. The Village is using a capitalization rate of
6.25 percent for the apartment buildings and 7.0 to 7.5 for the
office/business buildings. There will almost certainly be
litigation over the 6.25 cap rate. If the rate is not upheld, and
Homestead has been adopted, there could be a major shift in tax
burden from the apartments to the store/office buildings.
At a minimum, I don’t think the
Trustees should adopt Homestead without having projections of what
that shift would be under various scenarios.
In sum, I am against the Homestead
option for Bronxville.
I will post further thoughts in the
future just in case anybody is interested.
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Review and Comments by Bruce W. Sauter
March 1, 2006
Analyses of the Tax
Related Impacts of Completing a Revaluation of Real Property in the Village of
Bronxville prepared by Joseph
K. Eckert, Ph. D., Senior Economist, PADCO, 1025 Thomas Jefferson Street NW, Suite
170, Washington, D.C. 20007
Statements made and comments:
“… adopting a homestead tax
policy that provides for a split tax rate between residential and all other property
classes will further increase the possibilities for tax shifts.” (Page 1, paragraph
1) … and … “The average tax bill increase for commercial properties was
51.6%, nearly double the result …” [of not using the Homestead split tax rate
option]. (Page 6, paragraph 1)
Comment:
I tend to agree that within classes of property, the
possibilities of tax shifts are more likely because they cannot be distributed across
the entire tax base.
“This study is properly
regarded as an early suggestion of the direction in which taxation of broad classes
of properties may move, but is by no means conclusive or precise. This is due to
several factors. Principally among them are (a) a serious lack of property inventory
data that, paradoxically, will only be sufficiently gathered during and following a
revaluation effort; (b) the miniscule number of commercial sales that occurred during
the relevant time period studied; and (c) the fact that for assessment purposes
condominium and cooperative unit sales must be ignored, and our analysis was
therefore restricted to a review of only [a] small sample of limited appraisals
performed for a purpose other than this study.” (Page 1, paragraph 2)
“The conclusions contained in
this study at this point in time, however, are strictly for informational purposes
only and may well turn out to be in error should the underlying data turn out to be
different from that from which we relied upon.” (Page 1, paragraph 3)
Comment:
As we indicated before the “Impact Study” was
commissioned this study is not conclusive or precise for many reasons and any
conclusions drawn could easily be erroneous..
“… the tax implications
specified in this report are broad and not specific to individual properties; within
each tax class, even where the overall tax burden may increase or decrease, this is
only an average and we can expect that many individual properties will move in an
opposite direction or will experience significant differences in the actual tax
burden after revaluation than other properties in the class or grouping.” (Page 1,
paragraph 4)
Comment:
Given the dispersion indicated within the
residential class of property as indicated by Eckert’s prior report and the
inter-class inequity he statistically determined and used to adjust the class
portions in this impact study, revaluation is obviously necessary unless protecting
the current inequities is the goal.
“The results of this study
suggest … the tax burden will shift significantly from the condominiums,
cooperatives, and apartment houses to the commercial class and the residential class
of properties. Overall average increase in residential individual tax bills of 9.1% …
an average Village-wide. Likewise, the mean [i.e., average] commercial property tax
bill for commercial property will increase 26% … Condominiums, cooperatives, and
apartment houses would … drop in taxes of some 60% on average.” (Page 2, paragraph
1)
Comment:
Without seeing his primary data, it is
difficult to refute that bias may be evident in the sales that occurred. It would be
very important to at least know the confidence bands (preferably at the 95%
confidence limit) around the statistics indicated.
Given the wide dispersion, this is similar to discussing how people drown in the lake
with an average depth of 2 inches!
“If this [the homestead
program where condominium properties are reclassified as residential property] were
done, … the average tax bill for residential properties (including condominiums)
would increase by 7%, … commercial properties would increase 24%, and the
cooperatives/apartments would decrease some 61%. (Page 2, paragraph 2)
“… the effects of a split tax
rate under the homestead option … indicates, zero average change in the
[reclassified] residential properties while the average tax bill increase for
commercial properties was 51.6% and condominiums, cooperatives, and apartments would
decrease by about 52%.” (Page 2, paragraph 3)
While of limited difference
upon which to draw broad conclusions, I would disagree with Mr. Eckert use of “mean”
or “average” as the statistic for neighborhood changes indicated on page 2, paragraph
4, when his prior report indicated that the sales ratios are not normally distributed
and that the limited sales that occurred cannot be authenticated (without much more
extensive and accurate property data) as representative of all other properties
within those neighborhoods. He indicates that neighborhood 6 would increase on an
average of 19% and neighborhood 7 would increase by 1%, yet if we quote the median
change shown in his own statistics (a more appropriate statistic for both low sample
sizes and non-parametric distributions), neighborhood 6 would only increase 16%,
neighborhood 7 would increase by 1.6 % and neighborhood 5 would statistically
indicate a potential tax decrease of 2.2%. His statistical analysis further shows
that the Coefficient of Dispersion (COD) exceeds the median increase in every
neighborhood. This would statistically imply that many properties within every
neighborhood could actually experience a decrease in tax impact in a revenue neutral
situation. Although not mentioned in Mr. Eckert’s report, the school district may
not accept the Homestead Option even if the Village decides to implement the Option.
“Condominiums, apartment
buildings, and cooperative apartments will be treated as a separate class for this
analysis because New York State law requires the income approach to value be used to
value these types of residential properties.” (Page 3, paragraph 1) … and …
“The class 411 properties
under state law must be appraised using the income approach to value. (Page 4,
paragraph 2).
Comment:
The only restriction on the approach that
must be used to value these property types in New York State is on condominium and
cooperative ownership (RPTL § 339Y) and (RPTL § 581). There are no restrictions on
the valuation of regular apartment houses.
“The interior data came from a
multiple listing service and an on-site inspection obtained coordinate and relative
condition data.” (Page 4, paragraph 1)
Comment:
Mr. Eckert’s “impact” report does not
indicate that the living area was determined from the on-site inspection. With the
sizable discrepancies revealed on the data collection cards, I would be concerned
about the validity of any conclusions drawn on the basis of price per square foot as
shown in Exhibit 4. If the living area was re-verified during the on-site inspection
the mean or median price per square foot would have some value. However, since sale
price per square foot also varies with the total living area, comparison between
neighborhoods with dissimilar mean sizes would distort the validity of the
conclusions drawn. The mean or median size in each neighborhood should have been
identified.
“One hundred fifty-six
residential properties were included in the data file spanning the years from 2003 to
2005.” (Page 4, paragraph 1)
Comment:
If there were 156 sales, it is not clear why only
136 sales were used in the data Exhibits 4 and 5. The report is inconsistent without
clarification. The lack of an explanation for the missing sales leaves the report
susceptible to potential feelings that selective editing may have been done to reach
predetermined conclusions. I would assume that there may be a simple explanation,
but it should have been disclosed.
“The sales were trended to
January 2006 and the ratio was computed.” (Page 4, paragraph 2) … and …
“The monthly inflation factor estimated via the modeling process was used to
update sales prices to January 2006.” (Page 5, paragraph 1)
Comment:
This is a crucial part of the impact analysis. The
report does not disclose the time adjustment used although it implies that a linear
monthly trend was used Village-wide. There are many different ways to determine a
time adjustment. Adjusting the sale prices create the mathematical possibility to
reach any conclusion. This needs to be explained and supported with detailed data
before results have any credibility or usefulness.
Stage One Results:
Initial Comment: Mr.
Eckert’s analysis reports indicate 202 properties in the 411 property classification
(i.e., 13 apartment houses, 163 condominium ownership apartments, and 26 cooperative
ownership apartments). The 13 apartment houses other than condominium and
cooperative ownership apartments should have been included with the commercial
properties in the tax impact shift analysis.
“… the effective tax rate for
residences was 1.1% of capital value, 98% [sic] for commercial properties but 3% for
condominiums/cooperatives/apartment houses.” (Page 5, paragraph 2)
Comment:
There is an obvious typographical error where the
commercial class must be at .98%, not 98%. There is a strong possibility that the
indicated difference in the condominiums/ cooperatives/ apartment houses from the
residential or other commercial property is based on value assumption derived with a
methodology bias (i.e., income approach not intended for this purpose v. sales
comparison approach) rather than a “level-playing field” indicator of market value.
The details of the appraisals used to support the value conclusions is necessary
before any credibility can be given to the espoused impacts indicated.
“The data was also analyzed by
value range. …we documented the existence of a significant and regressive tax
burden. The higher value properties were assessed at lower effective tax rates that
[sic] [than] lower valued properties. The results of the present study confirm
this. The properties in the two and one half million dollar and above category will
experience an average tax increase of 26% while properties in the lowest two value
ranges will have small average tax decreases. (Page 6, paragraph 3)
“The graph in Exhibit 5A …
shows that there is considerable horizontal inequity… looking at the properties
selling at approximately $1.4 million dollars, we can observe a ratio of the new tax
bill to the current tax bill varies from .8 to 1.6 (a decrease ranging from 20% to an
increase up to 60%).” (Page 6, paragraph 3)
Comment:
Although general, this is one of the clearest conclusions of Mr. Eckert’s limited
“impact” study. There is very limited value in periodically updating the impact
study until all the data is collected and edited. Historically under-assessed
properties will experience larger than average increases in assessment in proportion
to the degree to which they had been previously under assessed.
“The current study reflects the
data that was provided … by the village …. Additional information particularly for
the commercial class could change these results significantly.” (Page 7, paragraph
3)
Comment:
This impact study provides little or no new reliable information.
If there are any further
questions, please let me know. Thank You.
Sincerely,
Bruce W. Sauter
Assessment Administration Specialist (AAS)
Real Property Assessment and Valuation Consultant
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Letter from Elisabeth S. Harding
39 Homesdale Road, Bronxville,
N. Y. 10708
November 28, 2005
Mayor Mary Marvin, Trustees
Glenn Bellito, Ann Poorman, Frank Sica, and Robert Underhill
Village of Bronxville
200 Pondfield Road Bronxville, N.Y. 10708
Dear Mayor and Trustees,
I am writing to
request that you immediately stop any work on Village records being performed by
Daniel Whittemore, Dipak Pandya, and Anthony Fabrisio who are all Town of Greenburgh
employees. The way these individuals were hired is very questionable. Also, the
work, at best, is unnecessary. At worst, these people may be altering documents that
will be needed as evidence in case of future litigation involving Bronxville’s former
assessor, Mr. Robert Balog. I also request that you not allow Mr. Gerry Iagallo or
Mr. David Wilkes to have any part in the Bronxville reassessment process.
On
April 27, 2005, the Town of Greenburgh’s Board passed the first of numerous
resolutions authorizing the hiring of Mr. Balog to do appraisal work for the Town.
(See Attachment A). At that time, Mr. Balog was still the assessor for Bronxville
but his assessment practices had been called into question. Among the many
irregularities in his record keeping were his frequent failure to enter dates that
assessments were changed and some instances in which those dates were postdated or
predated. At the June 13, 2005, Bronxville Trustees meeting, the Trustees accepted
Mr. Balog’s letter of resignation. (See Attachment B). Mr. Balog cited changes in
“the requirements on his time” as the reason for his resignation. At the same
meeting, Mr. Porr, the Village’s administrator, announced that he had placed an ad
for a replacement for Mr. Balog in various professional publications. (See
Attachment C). This advertisement was placed without any public discussion by the
Trustees of the ideal structure for the assessor’s office, what type of individual
should be hired, or any other issues regarding the role of the assessor. Although
the position was supposed to be for an interim assessor, the advertisement makes no
mention of that.
During the summer months Mr. Balog continued to do appraisal work for the town of
Greenburgh. (See Attachment D). Meanwhile, Mr. Iagallo, the Assessor for the Town of
Greenburgh, applied for the position of Bronxville Assessor, a position he would
undertake in addition to his duties in Greenburgh and various other municipalities.
In the middle of August, Mayor Marvin convened a special 7:00 A.M. meeting of the
Bronxville Board of Trustees in part because of the urgency of approving a contract
with the Michaelean Institute at Pace University. Among other areas of study, the
Institute agreed to provide a review of the proper structure for the Bronxville
Assessor’s office along with cost estimates for various functions. (See attachment
E). According to the discussion at that meeting, the work was supposed to be
completed by the end of November 2005.
At
the Village’s September 12, 2005, Board meeting, the Trustees appointed Mr. Iagallo,
who is still the Assessor in Greenburgh, to be the Bronxville Assessor.
At
the October 10, 2005, Trustees meeting, Mayor Marvin announced that the section of
the Michaelean Institute study relating to the functioning of the assessor’s office
would not be completed until February. (This is apparently because the contract was
not signed until early October.) The Trustees also approved the hiring of three Town
of Greenburgh employees to perform various record keeping tasks connected with the
Bronxville tax records. (See attachment F). These are individuals who work for Mr.
Iagallo in Greenburgh where they will keep their full time positions. They were
apparently hired without any job openings being posted and with no public discussion
by the Trustees of whether the work needs to be done or whether the rates of pay are
appropriate. (They are each being paid about $60 an hour which translates to
$124,800 per year for a forty hour week). The letter contracts with two of these
individuals provide for no cap on the amount of hours worked.
So
far, there has also been no public discussion of whether or not it is advisable to
have new employees with no track record with the Village working on sensitive records
during nights and weekends with no supervision. After the November 14, 2005,
Trustee’s meeting I asked Mr. Porr whether these new employees had keys to Village
Hall. He responded that they do not, that other people let them in. He stated that
they are not in Village Hall unsupervised but was unable to tell me who supervises
them. He then said that they take their work away with them. This means that
important Village records are being removed from Village Hall.
Given
the level of controversy surrounding Bronxille’s tax practices, it is extraordinary
that the Village would hire as an assessor someone who must work cooperatively with
Mr. Balog elsewhere. It is even more extraordinary that the Village would then hire
three of that person’s employees to work on the Village’s tax records. The idea that
Bronxville tax records are being removed from Village Hall by these Greenburgh
employees when Mr. Balog works in Greenburgh is also extremely disturbing.
At a
minimum, the bulk of the work the three October hires are doing is a waste of money.
One individual, Mr. Whittemore, is supposed to be going through the Village’s
building department records in order to gather data to put on the backs of the
property cards. Given that the Village must do a complete reassessment in the very
immediate future with a completely new data collection, this is a waste of time. In
any event, because Mr. Balog had a contract with the Village to do this work, and was
paid, the Village should be getting reimbursement from Mr. Balog, through a legal
action if necessary. In addition, setting up a new record keeping system is
premature because the Village has not received the results of the Michaelean
Institute study and has not had any public discussion of what type of system would
be best and ultimately most cost-effective. Another individual, Mr. Pandya, is
entering the Village’s assessment and tax rolls on his own computer system. This
should be done on the Village’s system. The third individual, Mr. Fabrisio, is
supposed to be collecting information for an impact study on the effects of
revaluation on residential taxpayers. This is also a waste of money because as part
of the process of revaluation the same data will have to be collected again.
The
activities of Mr. Iagallo and Mr. Wilkes in Greenburgh are best described in a series
of newspaper articles in The Journal News and The Scarsdale Inquirer. (See
attachment G). It is enough to point out that the credibility of the Bronxville real
property tax system cannot be restored by people with poor judgment. The Village
should only hire people who are able to avoid even the appearance of impropriety.
It
should be particularly clear in the post-Katrina world that cronyism leads to bad
results. The bad results here are multiple. There is the waste of public funds.
There is the risk that unsupervised part time employees may be altering records that
document the activities of a former employee who Mayor Marvin acknowledges followed
illegal tax assessment practices. And, finally, there are the continuing questions
about the credibility of Bronxville’s tax system.
Very
truly yours,
Elisabeth
S. Harding
Cc: Mr. Gerry
Iagallo; Mr. David Wilkes; Members of the Bronxville School Board of Education;
The Bronxville Bulletin; The New York Times; The Journal News; The Town
Report; Members, Nonpartisan Committee for Fair Bronxville Taxes.
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Text
of Bronxville Trustee Glenn Bellitto’s Statement on
Revaluation Read at the September 12, 2005, Trustee’s Meeting
Property Tax Revaluation
As the Trustee Liaison to the Assessor, I’d
like to speak for a couple of minutes about my personal views on the Tax
Assessment Issue …
After a thorough Village discussion of all
options during the next few weeks, I think that a Village-wide reassessment
of property will be one of the most-compelling courses of action available to
us.
When I think of Bronxville, I think, first and
foremost, of community – a collection of people bound together by
common interests and common responsibilities. And the document that
binds our community together financially is the tax roll. When that
tax roll loses its integrity in the eyes of the citizens, the compact
that binds us all together is severely compromised.
The Eckert report states that taxes
in Bronxville are unfairly distributed, with higher-priced homes paying
proportionately less in taxes than lower-priced ones. There are also
wide variations in tax rates for similarly priced homes.
Yet, for me, the 600 pieces of straw
that broke the camel’s back were the 600 properties that were
reassessed by Eastchester, but not by Bronxville, over the past 10
years. The sheer volume of properties not reassessed is staggering,
and the lack of documentation about much of the decision-making
processes is remarkable.
Most alternatives to a Village-wide
assessment seem either bleak or remote. To do nothing would be
unacceptable because it would continue significant unfairness. To adopt the
Bronxville portion of the Eastchester Town Roll would be problematic.
Per the Eckert report, the Bronxville portion of the Eastchester Town Tax Roll
has a significantly higher Coefficient of Dispersion than our own roll. To
adopt a Town roll that is less equitable than our own would serve no
logical purpose.
So where do we go from here? I think that
the Mayor and we Trustees have a pretty good road map for the prospective
decision-making process. Hopefully, we will hire Dr. Eckert to do an impact
study, a Part 2, to what will be distributed tonight. As the Mayor has mentioned, we
have already commissioned the Michaelian Institute to investigate such
issues as the pros and cons of giving our tax assessment function over to
the Town of Eastchester, either post or prior reassessment, to recommend optimal
staffing for our Village Assessor’s office, and to delineate best practices of
record-keeping for property information.
I would like to go into a little detail about
my hopes for the proposed impact study by Dr. Eckert. Although the tax
effect of a reassessment to the Village as a whole would be 0, I think
it’s safe to say that there will be some changes to most people’s taxes and drastic
changes to some people’s taxes, both up and down. We have to try to
help answer for residents the very natural and human question of “How is tax
fairness going to affect me?”
What I would like to see Dr. Eckert do is to
fashion a financial model, so that people would know, post re-assessment,
about how much in taxes houses valued at $1 million, $2 million, $3
million and so on, as well as what various townhouses, would pay. As a
former president of a Bronxville co-op board, I’m also very interested
in seeing how much co-ops, as well as what other New York State-classified
commercial properties would pay, both with and without the Homestead Option.
As we move along with this corrective
decision-making, I think that we, as a community, all need to keep in mind
that quantitative analyses and coefficients of dispersion eventually all
have very human faces. I can imagine a young couple with children who may
now live in one of the highly-taxed 1960’s split levels say that with double
digit school tax increases during the past few years, they thought that they would no
longer be able to afford to live in Bronxville. A Village wide tax reassessment might
lower their taxes enough so that they could stay. Conversely, I can easily
imagine a senior citizen that, post reassessment, might be forced to sell her
old home on The Hilltop because of higher taxes.
Although a tax reassessment would almost
certainly be done all at one time, I think that one thing we would want to consider
as a community would be whether the changes in property taxes should take
effect all at once, or maybe be phased in over a 2 or 3 year period,
to give residents more time for financial planning, as well as to
possibly help stabilize the real estate market.
We would also need to have a thorough Village
conversation concerning the level of detail we would want in a reassessment,
along with its concomitant costs. I think that a community like ours would
demand and deserve a world-class process. Further ahead, would be
decisions regarding how we would keep the roll up-to-date so that we would never
fall into this problem again, as well as what would be the optimal staffing for the
Assessor’s office.
I would hope that, by December, the results
of the rest of the studies would be available to all, and that
citizens would have had enough time to voice their opinions at Trustee
meetings on reassessment and any other alternatives that they would like to
suggest, so that there could be a formal Board vote on reassessment by
year-end.
The road to tax fairness that we continue
to travel together on is not easy. But, I know that, as a
community, we will recognize that it is in all of our best interests to face
our joint responsibilities forthrightly, so as to make our compact with each
other both fairer and stronger.
END.
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INTRODUCTION TO REAL PROPERTY TAXES by
Betsy Harding
In this section, I want to provide you with the basic understanding of the tax system that I
have figured out over the last few years. This is what I would tell you if I ran into you
at the Food Emporium and I took five minutes of your time to explain how it works.
1. Property taxes are flat taxes that are supposed to be based on the fair market value of the
property. This means that if a house is worth $2 million and is taxed at $30,000 a year, a $1
million dollar house should be taxed at $15,000 a year and a $3 million dollar house should be
taxed at $45,000. The different taxing authorities do not have to assess the properties in
their areas at full market value but they are obligated to assess at a uniform percentage of
fair market value. The taxes are then calculated as a set percentage of the assessed value.
The assessments cannot be adjusted for social considerations such as an estimate of the
services each property receives. It doesn’t matter if people do or do not have children in the
school or put out more or fewer boxes of newspapers for recycling. The tax is a flat tax based
on fair market value. This may be a crummy way to finance local government and the public
schools but it is the system we have.
2.
The Village of Bronxville has an entirely
separate assessment system from the Town of Eastchester system. It is amazing how few people
know this. The Village assessment is used as the base for Village taxes and Bronxville School
taxes. The Eastchester assessment is used as the base for Westchester County taxes,
Eastchester Fire District Taxes, Town of Eastchester taxes, County Work Taxes, and my personal
favorite, Bronx Sewer tax. Apparently, back in 1967, when the last reassessment was done, the
Town and the Village shared the cost of reassessing Bronxville and there was a common starting
point for the assessments. Since that time, the Village and the Town have each gone their own
way. A change to one assessment will not affect the other.
3.
At our house this year, the Village tax is 13.54
% of our property taxes and the school tax is 64.99% of our property taxes. Combined, that is
almost 80 % of our tax bill. Presumably other people are in a similar situation. This is one
reason why I am very concerned that the Bronxville assessments be fair. I am much less
concerned with the Eastchester assessments.
4.
When property owners improve their property
their assessments should go up. Very few people will invest money in their property without
believing that they will get a good portion of it back on resale of the property. Some
improvements increase the fair market of the property by more than the cost of the improvement,
some increase it by less, but either way the improvement should be reflected in the assessment.
5. The Village has not been keeping the assessments up to date. If you take a look at
the Bronxville assessment roll you will see some very strange numbers. Certain older homes
that were not considered so desirable back in 1967 have not had their assessments updated to
reflect changing market conditions. Also, in a number of cases, property owners who have made
massive improvements have not been reassessed. This data shows up in the property record
cards. The owners may think they have been reassessed because the Town of Eastchester has
reassessed the property and some of their taxes have, in fact, gone up, but they have not been
reassessed by Bronxville. The taxes that these property owners would have been paying are being
paid by the rest of us.
6. Under state law, apartments and the townhouses that are condominiums are taxed as part of
the commercial class. The rationale for this is that it would not be fair for a rental
apartment building to have one assessment while an identical building next door that is co-op
or condo has a different total assessment. This ignores the difference between wholesale (the
rental building) and retail (the co-op or condo building) but it’s state law nevertheless.
7.
The Village’s failure to reassess is causing
problems for the school budget. The current budget includes approximately $1,000,000 in
current spending for repayment of property taxes. That is money that could have been spent on
having smaller classes and better supplies. This happens because taxpayers who believe they
have been over-assessed can challenge their assessments in what are generally called certiorari
cases. Commercial property owners have been fairly successful in getting reductions in their
assessments. The Village handles these cases then turns over the bulk of the repayment bill to
the school. The school district has a right to participate in these cases but so far has not
done so. If the Village were to do a comprehensive reassessment and then keep the assessments
up to date, the certiorari cases should mostly go away.
8.
Everybody has an agenda. This is probably the
most important thing I have learned. Before you listen to anybody’s opinion on reassessment
you must find out what they personally have at stake, whether it is protecting the benefits of
a gross underassessment or some other angle. My agenda is that I want the school budget
straightened out and not burdened with certiorari payments and I want the option of someday
downsizing to a smaller house in the Village. Right now there is little point in downsizing
because the smaller houses are mostly very
overassessed. I also want to live in a community
where things are done fairly.
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